excluir
verbCEFR B2
What does “excluir” mean in English?
to exclude, to shut out
to exclude, to shut out (excluir a + person + de + domain; personal 'a' required; quedar excluido de = resultant state)
Example sentences
El sistema tributario actual excluye a las pequeñas empresas de los incentivos fiscales pensados para la innovación.
The current tax system excludes small businesses from the tax incentives designed to promote innovation.
No se puede construir una sociedad cohesionada si se excluye a una parte de la población del mercado laboral.
A cohesive society cannot be built if part of the population is excluded from the labour market.
Quedó excluida del proceso de selección por no cumplir los requisitos formales establecidos.
She was excluded from the selection process for not meeting the formal requirements set out.
How to use it
Excluir means 'to exclude' or 'to shut out'. It takes a direct object (the group or option excluded) and often a de-phrase marking the domain: excluir a alguien de un grupo. Key constructions: excluir a + person (personal 'a' required), ser excluido/a de (passive), quedar excluido/a de (to end up excluded from). The noun is la exclusión. At B2 it is a key social-issues term. Don't confuse with marginar (to marginalise — implies a gradual pushing to the margins) — excluir implies a more definitive, formal, or deliberate act of non-inclusion.
Common mistake
Always use personal 'a' when excluir applies to people: excluir A los ciudadanos, excluir A las mujeres. Quedar excluido de (to end up excluded from) is a high-frequency passive-like pattern that is very natural in Spanish where English would say 'to be excluded'. Marginar implies gradual side-lining; excluir implies a boundary decision.